🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - Glenn Wolkenfeld

 Photosynthesis
 Non Cyclic Electron Flow and The  Cycle
 Amusical Lecture by  Wolkenfeld
 
 Thanks for joining us  Episode Two,
 Wher more  photosynthesic waits for you.
 We last  how plant cells create, O¬¬2, ATP, and NADPH.
  we’ll start with a twist on the light reactions,
 Called cyclic flow, we’ll  how it happens.
 Then we will investigate how the Calvin Cycle makes 
 
 (Part I, Cyclic  Flow)
 Non – cyclic  is also called the “Z – scheme” Put Z on its site and see what I mean.
 Electrons rise in energy then  and rise again.
 Making ATP and NADPH  friends.
 A variation on  is cyclic flow.
 Which makes ATP, no NADPH  O.
 Cyclic flow results from the  Cycle’s needs.
 It uses  NADPH than ATP.
  buildup has the repercussion, of inhibiting NADP+ reduction.
 ‘cause  clogs up reductase.
 Keepping NADP+  moving into place.
 So electrons don’t go to 
 They’re clogged, stuck like  pimple’s pus.
 Where can  go from P700?
 Nature evolved them  place to flow.
 A shunt pathway moves them  the ETC.
  talking ‘bout the one in PS II tou see.
 These energized alectrons  and release energy.
 Which  you know is used to synthesize ATP.
 
 ( Part  Calvin Cycle)
 Now  time to learn the cycle named for Calvin.
 Which results in the fixation  carbon.
 Consider that each carbon in your bones, blood  hair,
 Was once in  CO2 in the air.
 The Calvin  has three parts.
 Fixation of carbon is how it 
 The molecules produced  then reduced.
 ‘cause reduction  the key thing that happens in part 2.
 Part 2 is the payoff  you will see.
 It produces  G3P
 A reduced molecule with lots of 
 And a  point for all the molecules that cells need.
 Part 3 sets up conditions  the cycle’s start.
 By  what’s at the cycle’s heart.
 RuBP (Ribulose Bisphosphate), a five carbon molecule  seems to apparate.
 ‘Cause  at the cycle’s start.
 Then reappears at  very last part.
 The  of RuBP at the start and end.
 Is why this is a cycle like the one  Krebs.
 The cycle’s inputs are  to you: NADPH and ATP and CO2
 Fixation of carbon  catalyzed by RuBP Carboxylase Enzyme
 This enzyme’s nickname you  know.
 Sounds  a cookie maker: it’s RUBISCO.
 An enzyme so old it  already here,
  O2 accumulated in the air.
 The CO2 enters through leaf stoma, diffusing through the leaf and arriving at the 
 There RuBisCO grabs it in  active site, and squeezes it with RuBP tight.
 RuBP has carbons  it has two phosphates, one on each side.
 When CO2 combines  RuBP it makes a six carbon compound you won’t see.
 It instantly dissociates into  3 – phosphoglycerates,
 Each  three carbons and one phosphate.
 Each gets phosphorylated to 
 Phosohorylated means that each receives aphosphate group from 
 This  is followed by reduction.
 And you know there’s an  with the function.
 Of taking electrons and H from NADPH and  them to to bisphosphoglycerate.
 Take off a phosphate for  – Phosphate.
  starting point for compounds like carbohydrates.
 
  III: Calvin Cycle, conclusion)
 Glyceraldehyde- 3 – phosphat,  as G3P,
 as a product  harvest, and I hope you see,
 how  reactions NADPH and ATP,
 are needed to  CO2 and make organic energy.
 And to complete the cycle we must  regenerate.
 The starting point of  Cycle ribulose bisphosphate.
 The  involved in taking G3Ps,
  recombining them into RuBPs.
 Are  much for freshman biology.
 You can get the details when  get yors Ph. D.
 But know for  that to get 3 RuBPs from 5 G3Ps cost 3 ATPs!
 
 (Part IV: 
 Now this journey ends whit its 
 On the reaction of 
 For over four  years it’s been the food chains basis.
 In fossils from that era  can see the traces,
 Of tiny cells with  form.
  that lived in waters warm.
 Through photosynthesis they  our planet,
  aerobic life can live upon it.
 And so evolved sentient beings who can 
 How photoautotrophs can 
 You could say that photosynthesis gave birth to  for cons ciousness on Planet Earth!