🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - Glenn Wolkenfeld

 Photosynthesis
 Non Cyclic  Flow and The Calvin Cycle
 Amusical Lecture  Glenn Wolkenfeld
 
 Thanks for  us for Episode Two,
 Wher  ‘bout photosynthesic waits for you.
 We last saw how plant cells  O¬¬2, ATP, and NADPH.
 Now we’ll start with  twist on the light reactions,
 Called cyclic flow, we’ll see how it 
  we will investigate how the Calvin Cycle makes carbohydrate.
 
 (Part  Cyclic Electron Flow)
 Non – cyclic flow is  called the “Z – scheme” Put Z on its site and see what I mean.
 Electrons rise  energy then fall and rise again.
 Making  and NADPH my friends.
 A  on this is cyclic flow.
 Which makes ATP, no NADPH or 
 Cyclic flow results from the  Cycle’s needs.
 It uses less NADPH  ATP.
 NADPH buildup has the repercussion, of  NADP+ reduction.
 ‘cause NADPH  up reductase.
 Keepping NADP+ from moving  place.
 So electrons  go to NADP+.
 They’re clogged, stuck like  pimple’s pus.
  can they go from P700?
 Nature evolved them a  to flow.
 A shunt  moves them to the ETC.
 I’m talking ‘bout the one in PS  tou see.
 These energized alectrons flow and release 
 Which as you know is used  synthesize ATP.
 
  Part II: Calvin Cycle)
 Now it’s time to learn the cycle named for 
  results in the fixation of carbon.
 Consider  each carbon in your bones, blood and hair,
 Was once in a CO2 in  air.
 The Calvin Cycle has  parts.
  of carbon is how it starts.
 The  produced rae then reduced.
 ‘cause reduction is the  thing that happens in part 2.
  2 is the payoff as you will see.
 It produces  G3P
 A reduced molecule with  of energy.
 And  starting point for all the molecules that cells need.
 Part  sets up conditions for the cycle’s start.
 By recreating what’s  the cycle’s heart.
 RuBP  Bisphosphate), a five carbon molecule that seems to apparate.
 ‘Cause  at the cycle’s start.
  reappears at the very last part.
 The role of  at the start and end.
 Is why  is a cycle like the one named Krebs.
 The cycle’s inputs are know to you: NADPH and  and CO2
 Fixation of  is catalyzed by RuBP Carboxylase Enzyme
 This enzyme’s nickname you should 
 Sounds like a cookie maker:  RUBISCO.
 An enzyme so  it was already here,
 Before O2 accumulated  the air.
 The CO2 enters through leaf stoma, diffusing through the leaf and arriving at  stroma.
 There RuBisCO grabs it in its  site, and squeezes it with RuBP tight.
 RuBP has  five, it has two phosphates, one on each side.
  CO2 combines with RuBP it makes a six carbon compound you won’t see.
 It instantly dissociates  two 3 – phosphoglycerates,
 Each with three  and one phosphate.
 Each gets phosphorylated  bisphosohoglycerate.
 Phosohorylated means that each receives aphosphate  from ATP.
 This phospharylation, is followed by 
 And you know there’s  enzyme with the function.
 Of taking electrons and H from NADPH and adding them to to 
 Take off a phosphate for Glycealdehyde – 
 A starting point for  like carbohydrates.
 
 (Part III: Calvin  conclusion)
  3 – phosphat, known as G3P,
 as  product cells harvest, and I hope you see,
 how light  NADPH and ATP,
 are needed to fix CO2 and  organic energy.
 And to complete the cycle we must now 
 The starting  of Calvin Cycle ribulose bisphosphate.
 The intermediates involved  taking G3Ps,
  recombining them into RuBPs.
 Are too much  freshman biology.
 You can get the  when you get yors Ph. D.
 But know  now that to get 3 RuBPs from 5 G3Ps cost 3 ATPs!
 
 (Part IV: 
  this journey ends whit its emphasis,
 On the reaction  photosynthesis.
 For over four billion years  been the food chains basis.
 In fossils from that era you can see the 
  tiny cells with prokaryotic form.
 Stromatolites that lived in waters 
 Through photosynthesis they  our planet,
 So  life can live upon it.
 And so evolved sentient  who can analyze,
 How photoautotrophs can 
 You could say that photosynthesis gave birth  codiyions for cons ciousness on Planet Earth!