🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - Glenn Wolkenfeld

 Photosynthesis
 Non  Electron Flow and The Calvin Cycle
 Amusical  by Glenn Wolkenfeld
 
  for joining us for Episode Two,
 Wher more ‘bout  waits for you.
 We last saw how plant cells create, O¬¬2, ATP, and 
 Now we’ll start with a twist on the light 
  cyclic flow, we’ll see how it happens.
  we will investigate how the Calvin Cycle makes carbohydrate.
 
 (Part  Cyclic Electron Flow)
 Non –  flow is also called the “Z – scheme” Put Z on its site and see what I mean.
 Electrons rise in energy then fall  rise again.
 Making ATP  NADPH my friends.
 A variation on this is  flow.
 Which makes ATP, no NADPH or 
 Cyclic flow results from the  Cycle’s needs.
 It uses less  than ATP.
 NADPH buildup has the repercussion, of inhibiting  reduction.
 ‘cause NADPH  up reductase.
 Keepping NADP+ from moving into 
 So electrons don’t go to 
 They’re  stuck like a pimple’s pus.
 Where can they go from 
 Nature evolved  a place to flow.
 A shunt pathway  them to the ETC.
 I’m talking ‘bout the one in PS II tou 
 These  alectrons flow and release energy.
 Which  you know is used to synthesize ATP.
 
 (  II: Calvin Cycle)
 Now it’s time  learn the cycle named for Calvin.
 Which results in the fixation of 
 Consider that each  in your bones, blood and hair,
 Was  in a CO2 in the air.
  Calvin Cycle has three parts.
 Fixation of carbon is how it 
  molecules produced rae then reduced.
 ‘cause reduction is the  thing that happens in part 2.
 Part 2 is  payoff as you will see.
 It  molecule G3P
 A reduced  with lots of energy.
 And a starting point for all the molecules  cells need.
 Part 3 sets up  for the cycle’s start.
  recreating what’s at the cycle’s heart.
 RuBP (Ribulose Bisphosphate), a five carbon molecule that  to apparate.
  RuBP’s at the cycle’s start.
 Then reappears at  very last part.
  role of RuBP at the start and end.
 Is why this is a cycle like the one  Krebs.
 The cycle’s inputs are know to you: NADPH and  and CO2
 Fixation of carbon is catalyzed by  Carboxylase Enzyme
 This enzyme’s nickname you  know.
 Sounds like a cookie  it’s RUBISCO.
 An enzyme so old  was already here,
  O2 accumulated in the air.
 The CO2 enters through leaf stoma, diffusing  the leaf and arriving at the stroma.
 There RuBisCO grabs it in its  site, and squeezes it with RuBP tight.
 RuBP has carbons five, it has two phosphates, one  each side.
 When CO2 combines with  it makes a six carbon compound you won’t see.
 It instantly dissociates into  3 – phosphoglycerates,
 Each with three carbons and one 
 Each  phosphorylated to bisphosohoglycerate.
 Phosohorylated means that each receives aphosphate  from ATP.
 This phospharylation, is followed by 
 And you know  an enzyme with the function.
 Of taking electrons and H from  and adding them to to bisphosphoglycerate.
 Take off a phosphate for Glycealdehyde  Phosphate.
 A starting point  compounds like carbohydrates.
 
 (Part  Calvin Cycle, conclusion)
  3 – phosphat, known as G3P,
 as a product cells harvest,  I hope you see,
 how light  NADPH and ATP,
 are needed to fix CO2 and make organic 
 And to complete  cycle we must now regenerate.
 The  point of Calvin Cycle ribulose bisphosphate.
 The intermediates involved  taking G3Ps,
 And recombining them into 
 Are too much  freshman biology.
 You can get the details when  get yors Ph. D.
 But know for now that to get 3 RuBPs from  G3Ps cost 3 ATPs!
 
 (Part  Conclusion)
 Now this journey ends  its emphasis,
 On the reaction of 
 For over four billion years it’s been the  chains basis.
 In fossils from that era you can see  traces,
 Of tiny cells  prokaryotic form.
  that lived in waters warm.
  photosynthesis they transformed our planet,
 So  life can live upon it.
 And so evolved sentient beings  can analyze,
 How  can photosynthesize.
 You could say that photosynthesis  birth to codiyions for cons ciousness on Planet Earth!