🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - Glenn Wolkenfeld

 Photosynthesis
 Non Cyclic Electron Flow and  Calvin Cycle
 Amusical Lecture by Glenn 
 
 Thanks  joining us for Episode Two,
 Wher more ‘bout photosynthesic  for you.
 We last saw how plant cells create, O¬¬2, ATP, and 
 Now  start with a twist on the light reactions,
 Called cyclic  we’ll see how it happens.
 Then we will investigate how  Calvin Cycle makes carbohydrate.
 
  I, Cyclic Electron Flow)
 Non – cyclic flow is also called the “Z – scheme” Put Z  its site and see what I mean.
 Electrons rise in  then fall and rise again.
  ATP and NADPH my friends.
  variation on this is cyclic flow.
 Which makes  no NADPH or O.
 Cyclic flow results from the Calvin  needs.
 It  less NADPH than ATP.
 NADPH buildup has the  of inhibiting NADP+ reduction.
 ‘cause  clogs up reductase.
 Keepping NADP+  moving into place.
 So  don’t go to NADP+.
  clogged, stuck like a pimple’s pus.
 Where can they  from P700?
 Nature  them a place to flow.
 A shunt pathway moves  to the ETC.
 I’m talking ‘bout the one in PS II tou 
  energized alectrons flow and release energy.
 Which as you know is used to synthesize 
 
  Part II: Calvin Cycle)
 Now it’s time  learn the cycle named for Calvin.
 Which results in the fixation of 
 Consider that each carbon in your bones, blood  hair,
 Was once  a CO2 in the air.
 The Calvin  has three parts.
 Fixation of carbon is how it 
 The molecules produced  then reduced.
 ‘cause reduction is the key thing that happens in  2.
 Part 2 is the payoff as you will 
 It produces molecule 
 A reduced molecule with  of energy.
 And a  point for all the molecules that cells need.
 Part 3 sets up conditions for the cycle’s 
 By recreating what’s at the  heart.
 RuBP (Ribulose Bisphosphate), a  carbon molecule that seems to apparate.
 ‘Cause  at the cycle’s start.
 Then reappears at the  last part.
 The role of RuBP at the start  end.
  why this is a cycle like the one named Krebs.
 The cycle’s  are know to you: NADPH and ATP and CO2
 Fixation of carbon  catalyzed by RuBP Carboxylase Enzyme
 This  nickname you should know.
 Sounds like a cookie maker: it’s 
 An enzyme so old it was  here,
 Before  accumulated in the air.
 The CO2 enters through leaf stoma, diffusing through the leaf and arriving at the 
 There RuBisCO grabs it in its active site, and squeezes it  RuBP tight.
 RuBP has carbons five, it has two phosphates, one  each side.
 When CO2 combines with RuBP  makes a six carbon compound you won’t see.
 It instantly dissociates into two  – phosphoglycerates,
 Each with three carbons and  phosphate.
 Each gets phosphorylated to 
 Phosohorylated means that  receives aphosphate group from ATP.
 This phospharylation, is followed by 
 And you know there’s an enzyme with  function.
 Of taking electrons  H from NADPH and adding them to to bisphosphoglycerate.
 Take  a phosphate for Glycealdehyde – Phosphate.
 A starting point for  like carbohydrates.
 
 (Part III: Calvin Cycle, 
 Glyceraldehyde- 3 – phosphat, known  G3P,
 as  product cells harvest, and I hope you see,
 how light reactions NADPH  ATP,
 are  to fix CO2 and make organic energy.
 And to complete the cycle  must now regenerate.
 The  point of Calvin Cycle ribulose bisphosphate.
 The  involved in taking G3Ps,
 And recombining them into 
 Are too much for  biology.
 You  get the details when you get yors Ph. D.
 But know for now that to get 3 RuBPs from 5 G3Ps  3 ATPs!
 
  IV: Conclusion)
 Now this journey  whit its emphasis,
 On the reaction of 
 For over four billion years it’s been  food chains basis.
 In fossils from that era you  see the traces,
 Of tiny cells  prokaryotic form.
 Stromatolites that  in waters warm.
 Through photosynthesis they transformed our 
 So aerobic life can live upon 
  so evolved sentient beings who can analyze,
 How photoautotrophs  photosynthesize.
 You could say that photosynthesis gave birth to codiyions for cons ciousness on  Earth!