🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - Glenn Wolkenfeld

 Photosynthesis
  Cyclic Electron Flow and The Calvin Cycle
 Amusical  by Glenn Wolkenfeld
 
 Thanks for joining  for Episode Two,
 Wher more ‘bout photosynthesic  for you.
  last saw how plant cells create, O¬¬2, ATP, and NADPH.
 Now we’ll start with  twist on the light reactions,
  cyclic flow, we’ll see how it happens.
 Then we  investigate how the Calvin Cycle makes carbohydrate.
 
  I, Cyclic Electron Flow)
 Non – cyclic flow is also called the “Z – scheme” Put Z on its site and  what I mean.
 Electrons rise in energy then  and rise again.
 Making ATP and NADPH my 
 A variation on this is  flow.
 Which  ATP, no NADPH or O.
  flow results from the Calvin Cycle’s needs.
 It uses less NADPH than 
 NADPH buildup has  repercussion, of inhibiting NADP+ reduction.
 ‘cause NADPH clogs up 
 Keepping NADP+ from moving into 
 So electrons don’t  to NADP+.
 They’re clogged, stuck like a  pus.
 Where can they go  P700?
 Nature evolved them a place  flow.
 A shunt pathway moves them to the 
 I’m  ‘bout the one in PS II tou see.
  energized alectrons flow and release energy.
 Which as you  is used to synthesize ATP.
 
 (  II: Calvin Cycle)
 Now it’s time to learn  cycle named for Calvin.
  results in the fixation of carbon.
 Consider that each carbon in your bones,  and hair,
 Was once in  CO2 in the air.
  Calvin Cycle has three parts.
 Fixation of carbon  how it starts.
 The  produced rae then reduced.
 ‘cause reduction  the key thing that happens in part 2.
 Part 2 is the payoff as  will see.
 It  molecule G3P
 A  molecule with lots of energy.
 And a starting  for all the molecules that cells need.
 Part 3 sets up  for the cycle’s start.
  recreating what’s at the cycle’s heart.
 RuBP  Bisphosphate), a five carbon molecule that seems to apparate.
 ‘Cause RuBP’s at the  start.
 Then  at the very last part.
 The role of RuBP at the  and end.
 Is why this is a cycle like  one named Krebs.
 The cycle’s inputs are  to you: NADPH and ATP and CO2
 Fixation of carbon is catalyzed by RuBP Carboxylase 
 This enzyme’s  you should know.
 Sounds like a cookie maker:  RUBISCO.
 An enzyme so old it was already 
 Before O2  in the air.
 The CO2  through leaf stoma, diffusing through the leaf and arriving at the stroma.
  RuBisCO grabs it in its active site, and squeezes it with RuBP tight.
 RuBP has carbons five, it has two phosphates,  on each side.
 When CO2 combines with RuBP it makes  six carbon compound you won’t see.
  instantly dissociates into two 3 – phosphoglycerates,
 Each with  carbons and one phosphate.
 Each gets phosphorylated to 
 Phosohorylated means that each receives  group from ATP.
 This phospharylation, is followed  reduction.
 And you know there’s an enzyme with the 
 Of taking  and H from NADPH and adding them to to bisphosphoglycerate.
 Take off a phosphate for Glycealdehyde  Phosphate.
 A starting point for compounds like 
 
  III: Calvin Cycle, conclusion)
 Glyceraldehyde- 3  phosphat, known as G3P,
 as a product  harvest, and I hope you see,
 how light reactions NADPH and 
 are needed to  CO2 and make organic energy.
 And to complete the cycle we  now regenerate.
 The starting point of Calvin Cycle  bisphosphate.
 The  involved in taking G3Ps,
  recombining them into RuBPs.
 Are too  for freshman biology.
 You can get the details  you get yors Ph. D.
 But know for now that to get  RuBPs from 5 G3Ps cost 3 ATPs!
 
  IV: Conclusion)
 Now this journey  whit its emphasis,
 On  reaction of photosynthesis.
 For over four billion years  been the food chains basis.
 In fossils from  era you can see the traces,
 Of tiny cells with  form.
 Stromatolites that lived in  warm.
 Through photosynthesis they transformed  planet,
  aerobic life can live upon it.
 And so evolved sentient beings who can 
 How photoautotrophs  photosynthesize.
 You could say that  gave birth to codiyions for cons ciousness on Planet Earth!