🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - The Light Reactions - Glenn Wolkenfeld

 Photosynthesis : part A - The  Reactions
 Amusical Lecture by Glenn 
 
 A music Lecture by Glenn 
 Boys  girls tell me what you think of this,
 Time for a lesson ‘bout 
 Cells use  to combine water carbon dioxide.
 Gonna see electrons going for a  ride.
 Making sugar,  sweet O¬2.
 But  should photosynthesis matter to you?
 Food on  table.
  rich atmosphere.
 Without photosynthesis you simple wouldn’d  here.
 
 ( Part I,  Big Picture)
  is a redox reaction.
 Powered  light using enzymatic action.
 Water’s oxidized, CO2’s re 
 The sugar that results  drink in orange juice.
 The  reaction has two phases.
 First is the light reactions  has as its basis.
  powered production of ATP.
 O2 is  by – product and you will see.
 Production  electron carrier NADPH
 Which provides reducing power needed  the second phase
 ‘Cause NADPH, during  2
 Provides what’s needed  reducing CO2
 NADPH ia made by a  of NADP+, whose function
 Is to absorb electrons  pick up H,
 Gaining  and making NADPH.
 Phase 2  the Calvin Cycle makes carbohydrate,
 Like  and starches and fibers on your lunch plate.
 It’s how  make food animals eat.
 Photosynthesis, it’s  sweet!
 
 (Part  Chloroplasts, Thylakoids, Light, and Chlorophyll)
 In a lesf there’s mesophyllic 
  cells with chloroplasts key to the issue.
 Chloroplasts are almost like cells  every way,
 With their  ribosomes and their own DNA.
 They even reproduce themselves, splitting  half.
  clue for this organelle’s independent past.
 This theory has a name 
 Developed in  60s by Lynn Margulis.
 Inside  chloroplast is the fluid stroma.
 It’s true in 
  true in Roma.
 Stroma syrrounds little 
 Each one has a hollow space 
  thylakoid’s membrane is loaded with protein.
 ‘Cause it’s the  reactions’ scene.
 It’s all about  light for powering electrons,
 All about  the power in photons.
 The photons  are are those from light,
  has the energy to make the world bright.
 The highest  that we can see,
 Is violet  with wavelength 380.
 380 nanometers, sounds 
  next to gamma rays it’s rather tall.
 Red light  at 750.
 Isn’t the visible  nifty?
 Photons are packets of light 
 Both a wave and a particle,  see.
 Phootins get  by pigments.
 It’s real, it’s  it ain’t no figment!
  important are green chlorophylls.
 Orange  and yellow xanthophylls.
 Together  absorb light, mostly red and blue.
 The green is not  it reflects back to you.
 In chlorophyll see  porphyrin ring.
 See the magnesium, which makes you want  sing,
 Magnesium, metal  valence two.
 You’ll see those electrons rocketing 
  the tail, a hydrocarbon chain.
 Which anchors chlorophyll into  thylakoid membrane.
 A molecule with  so pretty,
 In the thylakoid  makes electricity!
 
  Part III)
 Englemann showed us the action 
 Used a  to break the sun’s
 Light into  frequencies.
 Shone it on spirogyra, filamentous 
 The O2 algae make will  bacteria.
 Which will grow in any  – rich area.
 Bacteria loved it  blue and red,
 But hardly grew over green, they might as well be 
 The line of growth is  refection, of photosynthesis’ action spectrum.
 Note this  match, exactly,
 The absorption spectra of  a or b.
 ‘Cause  cartenoids and xanthophylls we’ve met,
 Absorb light frequencies the  can’t get.
 And  the thylakoid they all cooperate,
 In using light to  carbohydrate.
 Consider chlorophyll in 
 Shine some  upon it (call it photoexcitation)
  valence electrons in magnessium
 Jump to an  state, it’s so fun!
 But  up at that level, they can only fall.
 Back to  they started, like a bouncing ball.
 These  alectrons, release energy,
 Fluorescing as red light, as you can 
  in thylakoids, chlorophyll’s not alone,
 Instesd  photosystem is chlorophyll’s home.
 The photosystem’s parts can take 
 And use their energy to move 
 The system’s antenna complex does the first 
 Changing photon anergy into electron 
 The energized electrons  like a ball,
 At the reaction center,  jump but do not fall.
 A primary electron acceotor grabs  from on top,
 And yanks them with a  reaction center cannot stop.
  this oxidized reaction center we’ll return,
 But the details of  flow it now is time to learn.
 
 ( Part  ATP Synthesis in Non – Cyclic Electron Flow.
 Non   cycle flow is the main pathway.
  confustion relates to the way
 Hootoystm II precedes  I.
 It’s a fct to memorize,  get it done!
 PS II’s  captures a photon,
  a flow of electrons.
 All around the  even n Haiti,
 They flow to reaction  P680.
 There electrons  not hover,
 Electron acceptor passes  over.
  the electron transport chain,
 In the thylakoid 
 This chain’s like a  brigade.
 Each  has a similar trade.
 They take energized 
 And use their  for pumping protons.
 From stroma to the  space.
 Packing protons into  place.
 This makes  gradient across the thylkoid membrane
 The protons want “out” or they’ll  insane.
  the protons can’t permeate.
 The membrane won’t allow 
  only one port through which they travel.
 It’s the ATP  channel.
 The “-ase” tells  this is an enzyme.
 Which makes ATP all  time.
 It  binding sites for ADP and Pi,
 And channels for  protons whose knetic energy.
  the binding sites’ conformation.
  ADP with Pi which for your information.
 Is how thylakoids  ATP.
 Life’s  form of energy.
 From respiration this  feel familiar.
  is made this way in mitochondria.
 Chemiosomosis is the 
 ATP production is  game.
 
 ( Part V: NADPH Synthesis in Non – Cyclic Elecron 
 Back to  electons moved by the sun.
 Flowing  Photosystem II to System I.
 They get to PS I lke a used up 
 The  chain used up their energy.
 But when light  PS I’s antenna
 Electrons  to reaction center.
  one’s P700,
 That wavelength  electrons go!
 PS  electron acceptor grabs them away,
  P700 in an oxidized way.
  P700 with its oxidized blues accepts the alectrons from PS II.
 Bak to electron from PS 
 It  gose for a ride, having its own fun.
  powering proton pumps ain’t its fate.
 It travels  NADP+ reductase.
 An  plant cells count upon.
  pass some H and electrons.
 To NADP+ which gets 
 It’s how NADPH get 
 
  VI: Oxygen Production in Non – Cycli Electron Flow)
 The by  product of these light reactions
 Is oxygen here’s how it 
 Back PS II, it came to 
 That  got oxidized
 To  lost electrons P680 liberates.
 Electrons from  which dissociates.
 Into  oxygen and protons two,
  single O will meet anoher forming O2.
 These protons are  in the thylakoid space.
  proton concentration in that place.
 So we see a  effect of water’s oxidation.
  enhancement of ATP creation.