🎵 Luyện Nghe Bài Hát: Photosynthesis - The Light Reactions - Glenn Wolkenfeld

 Photosynthesis : part A - The  Reactions
 Amusical  by Glenn Wolkenfeld
 
 A music  by Glenn Wolkenfeld
 Boys and girls tell me what  think of this,
 Time for  lesson ‘bout photosynthesis
 Cells use light  combine water carbon dioxide.
 Gonna see electrons going for a  ride.
 Making sugar,  sweet O¬2.
 But why should photosynthesis matter to 
 Food on  table.
  rich atmosphere.
 Without photosynthesis you simple  be here.
 
 ( Part I, The  Picture)
 Photosynthesis is a  reaction.
 Powered by light  enzymatic action.
  oxidized, CO2’s re duced
 The sugar that results you drink in  juice.
 The overall reaction has two 
 First is the light  which has as its basis.
 Light  production of ATP.
 O2 is the by – product and  will see.
 Production of electron  NADPH
 Which provides reducing power needed  the second phase
  NADPH, during phase 2
 Provides what’s needed for  CO2
 NADPH ia made by  reduction of NADP+, whose function
 Is to absorb electrons and  up H,
 Gaining energy and making 
  2 is the Calvin Cycle makes carbohydrate,
 Like sugar and starches and fibers on your lunch 
 It’s how plants make food animals 
 Photosynthesis, it’s so 
 
 (Part II: Chloroplasts, Thylakoids,  and Chlorophyll)
  a lesf there’s mesophyllic tissue
 And cells  chloroplasts key to the issue.
 Chloroplasts are almost like cells  every way,
 With their  ribosomes and their own DNA.
 They even  themselves, splitting into half.
 A clue  this organelle’s independent past.
  theory has a name endosymbiosis,
 Developed in the 60s by Lynn 
 Inside the chloroplast is the  stroma.
 It’s true in 
  true in Roma.
  syrrounds little thylakoids.
 Each one has  hollow space inside.
 The thylakoid’s membrane is  with protein.
 ‘Cause it’s the light  scene.
 It’s all about using light for powering 
 All  grabbing the power in photons.
 The photons needed are  those from light,
 Which has the energy to make the world 
 The highest frequency that we can 
  violet light with wavelength 380.
 380  sounds small,
 But next to gamma rays  rather tall.
  light shines at 750.
 Isn’t the visible  nifty?
 Photons are  of light energy,
 Both a wave and a  you see.
  get adsorbed by pigments.
 It’s real,  true, it ain’t no figment!
 Most important  green chlorophylls.
  carotenoids, and yellow xanthophylls.
 Together they absorb light, mostly  and blue.
 The green is not absorbed it reflects back to 
  chlorophyll see the porphyrin ring.
 See the magnesium, which makes you  to sing,
 Magnesium,  with valence two.
 You’ll  those electrons rocketing through.
 Notice  tail, a hydrocarbon chain.
 Which anchors chlorophyll into the  membrane.
 A molecule with style, so 
 In the thylakoid it makes 
 
 (  III)
 Englemann showed us  action spectrum.
 Used a prism to break  sun’s
 Light into its 
 Shone it on  filamentous algae.
 The O2 algae make will stimulate 
 Which  grow in any oxygen – rich area.
 Bacteria loved  over blue and red,
 But hardly  over green, they might as well be dead!
 The line of growth is a refection, of photosynthesis’ action 
 Note this won’t match, 
 The absorption spectra of chlorophyll  or b.
 ‘Cause the cartenoids and xanthophylls we’ve 
 Absorb light  the chlorophylls can’t get.
  in the thylakoid they all cooperate,
 In using light  synthesize carbohydrate.
  chlorophyll in isolation,
 Shine some light upon it (call it 
 The valence  in magnessium
 Jump to an  state, it’s so fun!
 But once up at that  they can only fall.
 Back to where they  like a bouncing ball.
 These falling alectrons, release 
 Fluorescing as red light, as you  see.
 But  thylakoids, chlorophyll’s not alone,
 Instesd a photosystem is chlorophyll’s 
 The photosystem’s parts  take photons,
 And use their energy to  electrons.
 The system’s antenna complex does the  capture,
 Changing photon anergy into electron 
 The energized electrons bounce  a ball,
 At the reaction  they jump but do not fall.
 A primary electron acceotor grabs  from on top,
 And yanks  with a force reaction center cannot stop.
 To this oxidized reaction center  return,
 But the details of  flow it now is time to learn.
 
 ( Part IV) ATP Synthesis in  – Cyclic Electron Flow.
  -  cycle flow is the main pathway.
 Much confustion relates to the 
 Hootoystm  precedes photosystem I.
 It’s a fct to memorize, just get it 
 PS II’s antenna captures a 
 Generates a  of electrons.
 All around the  even n Haiti,
 They flow to  center P680.
 There  do not hover,
  acceptor passes them over.
 To the  transport chain,
 In the thylakoid 
 This chain’s like a bucket 
 Each  has a similar trade.
 They take energized 
 And use their  for pumping protons.
 From  to the thylakoid space.
 Packing protons  that place.
  makes a gradient across the thylkoid membrane
  protons want “out” or they’ll go insane.
 But the  can’t permeate.
 The  won’t allow escape.
 There’s  one port through which they travel.
 It’s the  Synthase channel.
 The “-ase” tells you this  an enzyme.
 Which makes ATP all  time.
 It has binding  for ADP and Pi,
 And channels for diffusing  whose knetic energy.
 Changes the  sites’ conformation.
  ADP with Pi which for your information.
 Is how thylakoids  ATP.
 Life’s key form of 
 From respiration  might feel familiar.
 ATP is made  way in mitochondria.
 Chemiosomosis is  name
 ATP  is the game.
 
 ( Part V:  Synthesis in Non – Cyclic Elecron Flow)
 Back to our electons moved  the sun.
 Flowing from Photosystem II to  I.
 They get to PS I  a used up battery.
 The  chain used up their energy.
 But  light hits PS I’s antenna
 Electrons boune to reaction 
  one’s P700,
  wavelength makes electrons go!
 PS T’s electron acceptor  them away,
  P700 in an oxidized way.
 And P700  its oxidized blues accepts the alectrons from PS II.
 Bak  electron from PS I.
 It now  for a ride, having its own fun.
 But powering proton pumps ain’t its 
 It travels to NADP+ 
 An enzyme plant cells count 
  pass some H and electrons.
 To NADP+ which  reduced.
  how NADPH get produced.
 
 (Part VI: Oxygen Production in Non – Cycli  Flow)
 The by – product  these light reactions
 Is  here’s how it happens.
 Back PS II,  came to arise,
 That  got oxidized
 To replace lost electrons  liberates.
 Electrons from  which dissociates.
 Into one oxygen and  two,
 The single O will meet  forming O2.
 These protons are  in the thylakoid space.
 Increasing proton concentration in that 
  we see a side effect of water’s oxidation.
 Is enhancement  ATP creation.